Academy
Training report on sample handling and transportation
The Northern Zone Blood Transfusion Centre Moshi, had a challenge of receiving blood samples for screening with a very poor quality, some of these blood samples were hemolyzed, insufficient, clotted and mislabeled. This challenge had an impact in releasing blood testing/screening results. A request for fund to train selected facilities staff on sample handling and transportation was submitted to ISBT and approved.
This report provides a summary of the two-day training conducted in Arusha Region on 11th and 12th November 2025. The purpose of the training was to equip participants with the essential theoretical knowledge and practical skills required for safe, efficient and compliant handling, packaging, and transportation of blood samples for screening.
Training Objectives The key objectives of the training were as follows:
i. To enhance participants understanding of proper sample collection, labelling in accordance with biosafety principles. ii. To build capacity on appropriate sample handling using international and national standards (e.g., triple packaging system). iii. To provide hands-on experience in preparing blood samples for transport. iv. To strengthen compliance with regulatory requirements for blood sample management.
Mode of Training
The training was a face-to-face, starting with a theoretical presentation on day one, followed by a practical session on day two. Speakers (Facilitators) prepared PowerPoint slides for presentation on selected topics. There was a room for participants to ask questions and open discussion based on participants backgrounds. Prior to presentations, participants had to do a pretest. At the end of the session, Participants also had to do a post-test.
Moreover, at the end of the training on day two, a training evaluation was conducted.
Areas (topics) covered The training covered several areas.
Day One: (Theory Sessions).
The Regional Medical Officer for Arusha Region officially opened the training. In his opening remarks, he emphasized that all participants should be attentive and make sure they get the intended knowledge and skills so as to alleviate the problem of poor sample handling, as reported several times by NZBTC. The Official opening was followed by a pretest, which summary of results is attached (appendix IV) Day One focused on the theoretical foundations necessary for effective sample management. Speakers covered the following key areas:
i. Overview of Blood Transfusion in Tanzania In topic Participants were given the background the establishment of centrally coordinated blood transfusion in Tanzania, geographical location of zonal blood transfusion centres, and the roles of key players in blood safety in Tanzania the Ministry of health, The President's Office Local Government Administration, Zonal Centres, Regions, Councils and Transfusing Facilities.
ii. Code of Ethics in Transfusion Medicine This topic gave a historical background on how the code of ethics in transfusion medicine was introduced and established. The topic provided an elaboration on ethical issues in blood transfusion medicine in the area of blood donors, blood donation, Hospitals, Patients, Staff, and the Public.
iii. Appropriate Blood Collection and Sample Collection Procedure The speaker presented on the proper sample collection procedure. Standard Operating Procedures for blood sample collection were thorough discussed
iv. Quality Management System in Sample Management. In this Presentation, the Speaker gave an elaboration on National and International regulations and guidelines governing sample transportation. He cited WHO guidelines, IATA (International Air Transport Association) requirements, and SOPs for sample packaging. A detailed explanation was provided in the key components of the triple packaging system, including: primary container – leak-proof receptacle containing the specimen, secondary container – holds the primary container during transportation. The container should be durable, leak-proof packaging containing absorbent material. Outer container – rigid and strong enough to withstand the normal shocks, temperature control, and information display. Participants also learned about labeling requirements, temperature control needs, and documentation standards. Moreover, sample transport logistics, cold chain maintenance, tracking, and traceability during transit were discussed. Participants shared challenges experienced in their daily work, and Speakers provided clarifications and solutions on issues raised.
Day Two: Practical Session
Day two focused on practical, hands-on training to complement the day one theory. The practical was conducted at the blood collection site and in the Hospital Laboratory. At a blood collection site, Speakers demonstrated proper blood donation procedures as per SOP, Participants (three phlebotomists) also got the opportunity to practice. A demonstration of the Triple Packaging Process was conducted, where Participants observed and practiced. This included selecting appropriate cooler boxes and ice packs based on the number of samples, and correctly sealing primary sample containers using absorbent materials. This was followed by sealing secondary packaging, assembling, and labeling the outer packaging. Participants were guided in completing sample transportation forms and inserting temperature monitoring devices. Speakers also conducted a practical demonstration on how to safely manage accidental spills, including the use of personal protective equipment (PPE).
Training evaluation At the end of the training an evaluation was conducted. Generally, participants expressed satisfaction with both the theory and practical components. Many noted improved knowledge and skills in packaging and transporting samples as per required standards. Some of the key feedback points included: appreciation for the hands-on demonstration. A request for more days and frequent refresher trainings was noted from majority of participants
Conclusion I am very grateful for the funding support from ISBT. Through this support, training on Sample Handling and Transportation was successfully conducted, achieving both theoretical and practical objectives. Participants gained valuable skills that will enhance their knowledge and skills in proper sample collection, storage, and transportation to the Zonal Blood Transfusion Centre for TTI screening and Blood grouping. I commend the commitment of all Speakers (facilitators) in ensuring that the training objectives are fulfilled. Speakers and I, kindly acknowledge the attentiveness and punctuality of all participants.
This training was planned to be conducted earlier in August; However, it was not possible following the delay in the release of funds from NBTS. I understand there was a required procedure to be fulfilled at the Ministry of Health. In line with this, I am grateful that after communicating with ISBT, this challenge was positively understood.
